When Words Are Pressed Too Far: Understanding Poetic Language In Scripture And Song
by Becky René
Why Over-Literal Interpretation Can Lead to Misunderstanding
From time to time, concerns are raised about the wording of certain hymns. A particular line may be singled out and questioned on the grounds that it could give the wrong impression or, if taken at face value, appear to teach something inaccurate. Such concerns are often raised sincerely, and they deserve to be treated with respect. However, there is a danger that, in seeking precision, we may begin to press language beyond its intended purpose and, in doing so, create problems that do not truly exist.
The issue is not whether truth matters—it most certainly does—but whether we are interpreting language correctly. If we demand that every line of a hymn be a precise doctrinal statement, free from any poetic or expressive wording, we may find ourselves rejecting not only many hymns but also misunderstanding the very nature of language used in Scripture itself.
The Question of Objection
This raises an important question. If one individual objects to a line in a hymn and insists that it should not be sung, should the entire congregation yield to that objection? At first glance, it may seem reasonable to avoid anything that could potentially be misunderstood. However, if that principle is applied rigidly, it quickly leads to difficulties.
There are many expressions—both in hymns and in Scripture—that, when taken in an overly literal or technical sense, could be challenged. If we begin removing hymns on that basis, where does the process end? The problem is not the wording itself, but the way in which it is being interpreted.
The Nature of Poetic Language
Language is not always intended to be technical. In both everyday speech and religious expression, people often use poetic, figurative, or devotional language to convey thoughts that cannot easily be expressed in strict, analytical terms. This kind of language appeals to the heart as well as the mind. It communicates depth of feeling, humility, dependence, and reverence.
Poetic language does not aim to define doctrine with precision. Instead, it expresses truth in a vivid, memorable, and meaningful way. To demand that such language conform to strict doctrinal phrasing is to misunderstand its purpose.
Poetic Language in the Psalms
This kind of language is not limited to hymns. It is found throughout Scripture, particularly in the Book of Psalms. If we were to apply a rigid, literal standard to these passages, we would encounter serious difficulties.
In Psalms 58:3, the writer says, “The wicked are estranged from the womb: they go astray as soon as they be born, speaking lies.” Taken literally, this would suggest that infants are capable of speaking lies from birth. Clearly, this is not the intended meaning.
In Psalms 51:5, David says, “Behold, I was shapen in iniquity; and in sin did my mother conceive me.” If pressed literally, this could be used to support the idea of inherited sin, though that is not the doctrinal point being made.
In Psalms 14:1, we read, “There is none that doeth good, no, not one.” Taken absolutely, this would contradict other passages. It is a poetic description of widespread corruption.
If we apply one rule to hymns and a different rule to Scripture, we are not being consistent.
Applying the Same Standard to Hymns
Now consider what happens when the same rigid approach is applied to hymns.
In “Just As I Am,” we read, “Just as I am, without one plea.” Taken strictly, one might argue that this denies the need for obedience. Yet the hymn expresses humility, not doctrine.
In “Take My Life And Let It Be,” the line “Take my life…” might be criticised as passive. Yet it expresses willing surrender.
In “Nearer, My God, To Thee,” the phrase “a cross that raiseth me” could be challenged. Yet it poetically expresses the idea that suffering draws one nearer to God.
These are not doctrinal statements—they are devotional expressions.
A Necessary Distinction
At this point, an important clarification is necessary. Not all hymns are beyond criticism, and not all wording can be explained away as poetic language.
There are cases where a hymn does convey a doctrinal idea that must be examined carefully. For example, in the hymn “Only Believe,” the repeated line “Only believe” can easily be understood as teaching that faith alone is sufficient, without obedience. This is not merely a poetic expression—it reflects a doctrinal emphasis that must be tested and, if necessary, rejected.
Therefore, discernment is required. We must neither accept careless wording nor reject sound expression through misunderstanding.
Understanding the Real Issue
The real issue is not whether wording could be misunderstood, but whether it is being interpreted properly. There is a difference between language that actually teaches error and language that expresses truth poetically.
If we fail to recognize that difference, we risk creating unnecessary division and placing burdens where Scripture has not.
Conclusion
Poetic language is a legitimate and valuable form of expression in both Scripture and song. If we apply one rule to hymns and another to Scripture, we are not being consistent. At the same time, we must not assume that all wording is acceptable simply because it is poetic.
Balance is essential. We must neither accept everything uncritically nor reject sound expressions through misunderstanding.
Applications
In practical terms, we should approach both Scripture and hymns with care and understanding. Not every line is intended as a doctrinal formula, and we must be careful not to force it into that role. At the same time, we must remain alert to wording that genuinely conveys error.
We should also be cautious about allowing one individual’s interpretation to determine congregational practice. Concerns should be heard, but decisions should be made with careful consideration and scriptural reasoning.
Finally, we must cultivate humility. A willingness to listen, to think carefully, and to distinguish between expression and doctrine will help preserve both truth and unity.
