{"id":54726,"date":"2018-12-02T20:46:00","date_gmt":"2018-12-03T02:46:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/?p=54726"},"modified":"2022-10-02T14:54:12","modified_gmt":"2022-10-02T19:54:12","slug":"archaeology-and-the-new-testament","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/archaeology-and-the-new-testament\/","title":{"rendered":"Archaeology and the New Testament"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\t\t<meta itemprop=\"url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/ArchaeologyAndTheNewTestament.mp3\" \/><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-54726-1\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/ArchaeologyAndTheNewTestament.mp3?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/ArchaeologyAndTheNewTestament.mp3\">https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/ArchaeologyAndTheNewTestament.mp3<\/a><\/audio>\n\t<p>by Jeffrey W. Hamilton<\/p>\n\t<p>Text: Luke 1:1-4<\/p>\n<p>&#160;<\/p>\nI.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;The Bible is a historical book that contains many historical references, but it is not a book\nof mankind&#8217;s history. \n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;A.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;But where it mentions historical facts, it has always been proven to be true.<\/p>\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;1.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Arguments against the Bible are based on the <i>lack<\/i> of supporting evidence\nfound in archaeology, but this doesn&#8217;t mean the events and people did not\nexist.\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;2.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;The writers of the Bible, both Old and New Testaments, were remarkably\naccurate in their records\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;3.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;But this is not surprising, if we accept the inspiration of the Bible &#8211; II\nTimothy 3:16-17\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;B.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Let&#8217;s look at some of the evidence<\/p>\n<p>II.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Pontius Pilate<\/p>\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;A.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Pilate is mentioned in all four gospel accounts<\/p>\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;1.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;He argued three times that he found no fault in Jesus &#8211; John 18:38; 19:4,6<\/p>\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;2.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;But he was more concerned in keeping his rule calm, so he had Jesus\nscourged and crucified as the Jews demanded\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;B.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Historical evidence<\/p>\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;1.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Pilate is mentioned in the writings of Josephus, a Jewish historian, and\nTacitus, a Roman historian.\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;2.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;We know that ruled over Judea from A.D. 26-36<\/p>\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;3.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Character-wise, Pilate is shown to be a rash and violent man<\/p>\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;a.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;He had some Galileans killed while they were presenting sacrifices\nat the temple &#8211; Luke 13:1\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;C.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Archaeological evidence: The Pilate Inscription<\/p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Pontius_Pilate_Inscription.jpg\" alt=\"Pontius Pilate Inscription\"\/>\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;1.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;In 1961 a 2&#215;3 foot rock slab, used in the construction a Roman theater, in\nparticular &#8220;in the construction of a landing between flights of steps in a tier\nof seats reserved for guests of honor.&#8221; [McRay]\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;2.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;On the stone was an inscription. Most of it is not readable, but it does\ncontain the name, Pontius Pilate.\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;3.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;The partial inscription reads (conjectural letters in brackets):<\/p>\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;[DIS AUGUSTI]S TIBERI&Eacute;UM<\/p>\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;[&#8230;PONTI]US PILATUS<\/p>\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;[&#8230;PRAEF]ECTUS IUDA[EA]E<\/p>\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;[&#8230;FECIT D]E[DICAVIT]<\/p>\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;[Burton]<\/p>\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;4.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;The translation from Latin to English for the inscription reads:<\/p>\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;To the Divine Augusti [this] Tiberieum<\/p>\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#8230;Pontius Pilate<\/p>\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#8230;prefect of Judea<\/p>\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#8230;has dedicated [this]<\/p>\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;[Burton]<\/p>\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;D.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Archaeological evidence: Pilate&#8217;s Ring<\/p>\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;1.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;A ring found in 1968 at a site near Bethlehem was recently deciphered.<\/p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/PontiusPilatesRing.jpg\" alt=\"Pontius Pilate's ring\"\/>\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;2.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#8220;The Herodion fortress was built by King Herod who also gave it its name.\nFollowing his death in the first century, it became a huge burial site. But\nthe upper part of the complex continued to be used by Roman officials\nruling over Judea at that time. It is likely that Pilate also used the Herodion\nas a central government administrative headquarters.&#8221; [Hasson]\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;3.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;The inscription on what was apparently a stamping ring included a picture\nof a wine vessel surrounded by Greek writing translated as saying\n&#8220;Pilatus.&#8217;&#8221; [Hasson].\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;4.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;It was probably used by Pilate or one of his officials to affix his name to\ndocuments.\n<p>III.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Sergius Paulus<\/p>\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;A.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;The Roman empire was a complex beast due to its style of organization.<\/p>\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;B.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Luke records specific names and titles, which gives historians a chance to verify\nhis accuracy.\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;C.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Paul and Barnabas visited the island of Cyprus, where in Paphos they meet the\nproconsul Sergius Paulus &#8211; Acts 13:4-7\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;D.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;For a long while it was argued that Luke got the title wrong because as an imperial\nprovince, Cyprus would be ruled by a propraetor.\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;1.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;What was missed is that while Cyprus became an imperial province in\nB.C. 27, Augustus traded it for Dalmatia and transferred control of Cyprus\nto the senate in B.C. 22. \n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;2.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;As a senatorial province, it would be ruled by a proconsul.<\/p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/ProconsulCoinOfCyprus.png\" alt=\"Proconsul Coin of Cyprus\"\/>\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;3.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;A coin has been found that has the head of Claudius Caesar on one side\nand Arminius Proclus Proconsul of the Cyprians on the other. \n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;E.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;A boundary stone of Claudius mentioning Sergius was discovered at Rome in\n1887. It records the appointment, in AD 47, of the Curators of the banks and the\nchannel of the river Tiber, one of whom was L. Sergius Paulus. Whether this is\nthe same Sergius Paulus that Paul and Barnabas encountered is unknown.\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/LuciusSergiusPaulus.jpg\" alt=\"Lucius Sergius Paulus\"\/>\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;F.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;An inscription found near Kythraia, in northern Cyprus makes mention of\nClaudius Caesar and Quintus Sergius, but the last name is missing from the\nfragment.\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/QuintusSergiusPaulus.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/p>\n<p>IV.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Gallio<\/p>\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;A.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;In Acts 18:12-17, Gallio is mentioned as being proconsul of Achia.<\/p>\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;B.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Fragments of an inscription were found in 1905, which combined form a part of a\nletter from Claudius, emperor of Rome to Gallio, the proconsul of Achaia. With\nmissing letters supplied for the gaps, it says &#8220;Tiberius Claudius Casear Augustus\nGermanicus, Pontifex Maximus, of tribunician authority for the twelfth time &#8230;\nLucius Junius Gallio, my friend, and the proconsul of Achaia.&#8221; [McRay]\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/gallio-inscription2.jpg\" alt=\"Gallio Inscription 2\"\/>\n<p>V.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Caiaphas<\/p>\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;A.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;The high priest at the time of Jesus&#8217; death was Caiaphas, who shared the office\nwith his father-in-law Annas.\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;B.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;In 1990 twelve ossuaries were found. An ossuary is a small box used to bury a\nperson&#8217;s bones after the flesh had decomposed. One of the boxes was particularly\nornate, indicating that it belonged to a wealthy person. Inscribed on the box was\n&#8220;Caiaphas&#8221; and &#8220;Joseph, son of Caiaphas&#8221;\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/CaiaphasOssuary.jpg\" alt=\"Caiaphas Ossuary\"\/>\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;1.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;The Bible only refers to Caiaphas by his name, but Josephus states that his\nfull name is &#8220;Joseph who was called Caiaphas of the high priesthood.&#8221;\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;2.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;The box contained the bones of six different people, one of whom was\nabout 60 years old when he died. [Butt]\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;C.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Another ossuary was found in 2011. &#8220;Israeli scholars have confirmed the\nauthenticity of a 2,000-year-old burial ossuary bearing the name of a relative of\nthe high priest Caiaphas, who is well known to Christians as a rival of Jesus. The\nossuary &#8211; a stone chest for storing bones &#8211; bears an inscription with the name\n&#8220;Miriam daughter of Yeshua son of Caiapha, priest of Ma&#8217;azya from Beit Imri.&#8221;&#8221;\n[Ronen]\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/MiriamDaughterOfJosephSonOfCaiaphas.jpg\" alt=\"Miriam Daughter of Joseph Son of Caiaphas\"\/><\/p>\n<p>VI.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;James the Brother of Jesus<\/p>\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;A.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Speaking of ossuaries, there is one that came to light in 2002 that has an\n  inscription that reads &#8220;James, son of Joseph, brother of Jesus.&#8221; \n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/JamesOssuary.jpg\" alt=\"James Ossuary\"\/>\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;B.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;The box is acknowledged to be from the first century, but there is debate about\nwhether the wording was added later or not. So far the evidence leans that it is\nauthentic.\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;C.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;This does not mean that it is the James of the Bible.<\/p>\n<p>VII.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Erastus<\/p>\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;A.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Erastus is mentioned in Acts 19:22; Romans 16:23 and II Timothy 4:20 as being\nthe city treasurer of Corinth.\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Erastus.jpg\" alt=\"Erastus\"\/>\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;B.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;A piece of stone pavement was found that says &#8220;Erastus in return for his\naedileship laid (the pavement) at his own expense.&#8221; \n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;C.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#8220;Aedile&#8221; as a person in charge of the finances of a city.<\/p>\n<p>VIII.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Temple Warning<\/p>\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;A.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;In Acts 21:28 we read that the Jews were very serious about not allowing Gentiles\ninto the temple area.\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;B.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/warning_inscription.jpg\" alt=\"Warning Inscription\"\/>\nJosephus mentioned that an inscription marked where Gentiles could go and\nwhere they were not allowed. The inscription &#8220;forbade any foreigner to go in,\nunder pain of death.&#8221; [Josephus, <i>Antiquities<\/i>, 15:11:5]\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;C.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;A complete tablet, found 1871, reads &#8220;No foreigner is to enter within the\nbalustrade and enclosure around the temple area. Whoever is caught will have\nhimself to blame for his death which will follow.&#8221;\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;D.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Another stone fragment, smaller in size, contains nearly identical words. It also\nshows that the lettering was painted in red to be more noticeable.  \n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/warning_inscription2.jpg\" alt=\"Warning Inscription\"\/>\n<p>IX.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Fishing boat<\/p>\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;A.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;We read several descriptions fishing on the sea of Galilee in the gospels<\/p>\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;B.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;During a drought in 1986, the Sea of Galilee receded, exposing 27 foot fishing\nboat from the first century. It was found near Magdala, the home town of Mary\nMagdalene.\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;C.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;In the back is a raised section, like where Jesus slept in the boat.<\/p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/GalileanFishingBoat.jpg\" alt=\"Galilean Fishing Boat.jpg\"\/>\n<p>&#160;The boat is able to carry 15 people.<\/p>\n<p>X.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Home in Nazareth<\/p>\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;A.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;A rock-hewned and stone home dating back to the first century was found under a\nconvent, giving us some idea what homes in Nazareth were like\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;B.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;It also confirms that the little town of Nazareth actually existed.<\/p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/HomeInNazareth.jpg\" alt=\"Home in Nazareth\"\/>\n<br \/>\n<p>Sources:<\/p>\n&#8226;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Butt, Kyle, &#8220;Archaeology and the New Testament,&#8221; <i>Reason &amp; Revelation<\/i>, 24(10),\nOctober 2004\n<p>&#8226;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Burton, BR, Wikimedia, <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/w\/index.php?curid=22817908\">https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/w\/index.php?curid=22817908<\/a><\/p>\n&#8226;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Chilton, Bruce, Craig A. Evans, <i>Studying the Historical Jesus: Evaluations of the State of\nCurrent Research<\/i>, 1998, p. 465\n&#8226;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Hasson, Nir, &#8220;Ring of Roman Governor Pontius Pilate Who Crucified Jesus Found in\nHerodion Site in West Bank,&#8221; <i>Haaretz<\/i>, 29 November 2018.\n<p>&#8226;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;McRay, John, <i>Archaeology and the New Testament<\/i>, Baker, 1991.<\/p>\n<p>&#8226;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Ronen, Gil, &#8220;Caiaphas Ossuary is Authentic,&#8221; <i>Israel National News<\/i>, 29 June 2011.<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>by Jeffrey W. Hamilton Text: Luke 1:1-4 &#160; I.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;The Bible is a historical book that contains many historical references, but it is not a book of mankind&#8217;s history. &#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;A.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;But where it mentions historical facts, it has always been proven to be true. &#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;1.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Arguments against the Bible are based on the lack of supporting evidence found&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[119,32],"tags":[725,709,279,799],"class_list":["post-54726","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-audio","category-sermon","tag-archaeology","tag-evidence","tag-history","tag-new-testament"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":16999,"url":"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/where-can-i-find-the-early-church-fathers-writings-and-evidence-that-jesus-lived-and-died\/","url_meta":{"origin":54726,"position":0},"title":"Where can I find the early church father&#8217;s writings and evidence that Jesus lived and died?","author":"Jeffrey Hamilton","date":"December 10, 2008","format":false,"excerpt":"Question: All these early church writing, such as Justin Martyr, Irenaeus and Tatian, the Epistle of Barnabas, Papias, and the Shepherd of Hermas, do you know where I could read their writings? Also, where can I find proof of the existence of Jesus and his death? Do you know of\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Answer&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Answer","link":"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/category\/answer\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":33447,"url":"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/is-there-any-non-biblical-evidence-that-proves-the-prophecies-in-the-bible\/","url_meta":{"origin":54726,"position":1},"title":"Is there any non-biblical evidence that proves the prophecies in the Bible?","author":"Jeffrey Hamilton","date":"June 25, 2012","format":false,"excerpt":"Question: A friend and I talked for a little while tonight regarding Bible evidence, and when we talked about prophecy, he raised the argument that prophecies from the Bible verified purely from within the Bible can't be used to prove the Bible. Is that a fair argument? And are there\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Answer&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Answer","link":"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/category\/answer\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":55078,"url":"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/babylon-clay-tablet-confirms-jeremiah\/","url_meta":{"origin":54726,"position":2},"title":"Babylon Clay Tablet Confirms Jeremiah","author":"Jeffrey Hamilton","date":"October 9, 2004","format":false,"excerpt":"by Ben M. Shropshire via Lifeline, 7\/15\/00 The recent discovery of a cuneiform clay tablet by an Austrian scholar at the site of ancient Babylon confirms the historical accuracy of the book of Jeremiah. The recently deciphered tablet, which dates from 595 BC, refers to an official in the court\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Article&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Article","link":"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/category\/article\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2004\/10\/Babylon-Clay-Tablet.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":36504,"url":"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/does-it-really-matter-about-the-bible\/","url_meta":{"origin":54726,"position":3},"title":"Does It Really Matter About the Bible?","author":"Jeffrey Hamilton","date":"July 8, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"by Jefferson David Tant Sometimes in talking with people, I ask if they believe the Bible is true. I then give three options: It is inspired by God, and all true; It is just a collection of writings by men through the centuries; or The original writings were God-inspired, but\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Article&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Article","link":"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/category\/article\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":55344,"url":"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/the-birth-of-christ-fact-or-myth\/","url_meta":{"origin":54726,"position":4},"title":"The Birth of Christ: Fact or Myth?","author":"Jeffrey Hamilton","date":"October 31, 2006","format":false,"excerpt":"by Abraham Smith This is a time of year when many of us will enjoy time with our loved ones. It is also a time of year when some people will take the opportunity to share with us how wrong they think the Bible is in its record of the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Article&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Article","link":"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/category\/article\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/scan0018_tif-1-300x190.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":21216,"url":"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/ive-read-that-joshuas-conquest-of-jericho-and-ai-could-not-have-happened\/","url_meta":{"origin":54726,"position":5},"title":"I&#8217;ve read that Joshua&#8217;s conquest of Jericho and Ai could not have happened.","author":"Jeffrey Hamilton","date":"December 4, 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Question: I've been reading about archaeology and the city of Ai and\u00a0that\u00a0Joshua's conquest could not have happened there as the Bible claims. I really could use some help with that. Answer: You need to remember that archeologists' \"datings\" are based on modern-day chronologies, which have a likelihood of errors. Interestingly,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Answer&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Answer","link":"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/category\/answer\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54726","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=54726"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54726\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=54726"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=54726"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=54726"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}