{"id":30365,"date":"2023-03-05T19:30:00","date_gmt":"2023-03-06T01:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/?p=30365"},"modified":"2024-09-03T12:05:20","modified_gmt":"2024-09-03T17:05:20","slug":"the-other-side-of-church-history","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/the-other-side-of-church-history\/","title":{"rendered":"The Other Side of Church History"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\t\t<meta itemprop=\"url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/01\/The-Other-Side-of-Church-History.mp3\" \/><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-30365-1\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/01\/The-Other-Side-of-Church-History.mp3?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/01\/The-Other-Side-of-Church-History.mp3\">https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/01\/The-Other-Side-of-Church-History.mp3<\/a><\/audio>\n\t<p>by Jeffrey W. Hamilton<\/p>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/01\/The-Other-Side-of-Church-History.mp3\" download target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tDownload Audio\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t<p>Text: I Timothy 4:1-3<\/p>\n<p>&#160;<\/p>\nI.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;When we study the history of the church since its beginnings, we tend to follow the paths\nof the major divisions. \n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;A.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Thus we see the rise of Catholicism as innovation after innovation is accepted, the\nsplits over those innovations which led to the Orthodox Catholic churches and\nProtestant churches. Each of these further fractured until we have the morass of\ndenominations in the world today.\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;B.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;At times the question arises, where did the churches of Christ come from?<\/p>\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;1.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;The true answer confuses people because they look at churches as parts of\ndenominations.\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;2.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Membership in a denomination defines the congregation and its beliefs.<\/p>\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;3.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;The history of the denomination then defines the history of the church<\/p>\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;4.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;But the churches of Christ are autonomous. There is no central\nheadquarters in this world. There is no body defining our beliefs.\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;C.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;It is so unusual to the denominational world that some will exclaim, &#8220;It must be a\ncult,&#8221; even though the character of the church doesn&#8217;t match the usual definition\nof a cult.\n<p>II.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;The promise that the church would not fail<\/p>\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;A.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;The prophecy that the church would conquer the world<\/p>\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;1.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Isaiah 2:2-4 &#8211; It would pull people from all nations, so that within it, wars\nwould cease.\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;2.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Daniel 2:44 &#8211; In the days of the Roman empire, God would establish a\nkingdom that would never be destroyed because it would not be based on\npeople.\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;3.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Daniel 7:13-14 &#8211; Given when the Son of Man came before the Father in\nHeaven\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;B.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Jesus stated he would build a church that the world could not resist &#8211; Matthew\n16:18\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;C.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Its enduring quality comes from the fact that it is not of this world &#8211; John 18:36<\/p>\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;D.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;That kingdom was established &#8211; Ephesians 1:20-23<\/p>\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;E.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;A kingdom that cannot be shaken &#8211; Hebrews 12:28<\/p>\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;F.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;The angels declared its triumph &#8211; Revelation 11:15<\/p>\n<p>III.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;So what happened to it?<\/p>\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;A.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;The message of the kingdom spread to all the world &#8211; Colossians 1:23<\/p>\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;B.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;It was foretold that there would be a falling away &#8211; I Timothy 4:1-3<\/p>\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;C.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Paul warned the Ephesian elders of the apostasy &#8211; Acts 20:29-31<\/p>\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;D.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;We tend to focus on the departure, watching as step-by-step they moved further\nfrom the truth\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;1.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;But didn&#8217;t anyone stay with the truth?<\/p>\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;2.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;It would seem obvious that it must have happened, since it was promised<\/p>\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;3.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;So where are they?<\/p>\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;E.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;It may seem obvious, but if you want to find the faithful, you can&#8217;t go looking\namong the apostates.\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;1.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;If you want to find the faithful, look at those whom the apostates\ndenounced.\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;2.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Not all of them will be faithful, but they would be in that group<\/p>\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;3.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;You would also expect that the faithful&#8217;s writings would be suppressed or\neven destroyed.\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;F.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;How are we to recognize them? By their opposition to the innovations of\napostasy.\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;1.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;An early false teaching was that infants were born sinful. <\/p>\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;a.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;You would expect that those who were faithful would teach that\ninfants are born without sin, that a person sins by his own choices.\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;b.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; They would reject infant baptism. &#8211; Ezekiel 18:20; Romans 5:12<\/p>\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;2.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;The Catholics modified the Lord&#8217;s Supper from a memorial of Christ&#8217;s\ndeath into ritual that supposedly recreated the sacrifice of Christ over and\nover, despite Hebrews 10:10\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;3.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;When the New Testament did not support practices, such as a priesthood,\nthe apostates reached back into the Old Testament for justification. \n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;a.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;The &#8220;heretics&#8221; demanded that the word of God be rightly divided &#8211;\nII Timothy 2:15; Hebrews 10:9\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;b.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;All believers would be seen as priests &#8211; I Peter 2:4-5<\/p>\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;4.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;There would also be a rejection of a hierarchy of bishops. <\/p>\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;a.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Instead there would be a plurality of elders overseeing autonomous\ncongregations &#8211; Acts 14:23\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;5.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;The apostates focused on this world, building elaborate buildings and\naltars on which to perform their Eucharist.\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;a.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;The faithful would be willing to worship where they could. Any\nplace could be suitable place to worship &#8211; John 4:21\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;6.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;The apostates decorated their buildings with images and while claiming\nthem not to be idols, they still pray before them and venerate them.\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;a.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;The &#8220;heretics&#8221; would reject them as idols &#8211; I Corinthians 8:4<\/p>\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;7.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;The apostates substituted pouring and then sprinkling for baptism.<\/p>\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;a.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;The faithful would do (gasp) full immersion &#8211; John 3:23<\/p>\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;8.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;We could go on and on, but basically we would have to look for those\naccused of going against the norm by doing and teaching those things\ntaught in the Bible because the majority had fallen away from the truth.\n<p>IV.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Early rebels against digression<\/p>\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;A.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Augustine of Hippo had a strong influence of the development of the Catholic\nchurch\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;1.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Born 354 A.D. in Tagaste and died in 430 as bishop in Hippo.<\/p>\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;a.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;It was Augustine who introduced the ideas of original sin,\npredestination, and irresistible grace.\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;2.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Pelagius<\/p>\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;a.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Pelagius taught that the human will, tempered in good deeds and\nrigorous asceticism, was sufficient to live a sinless life.\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;b.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;He told his followers that right action on the part of human beings\nwas all that was necessary for salvation.\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;c.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;To him, the grace of God was only an added advantage; helpful,\nbut in no way essential.\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;d.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Pelagius disbelieved in original sin, but said that Adam had\ncondemned mankind through bad example, and that Christ&#8217;s good\nexample offered us a path to salvation, not through sacrifice, but\nthrough instruction of the will.\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;3.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;But of more interest in a contemporary of Augustine, John Cassian who\nlived from A.D. 360 to 435.\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;a.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;He opposed both innovators in the church: Augustine and Pelagius<\/p>\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;b.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;He and his followers taught that salvation through Christ was\navailable to all who asked, through a free-will choice. \n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;c.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;He rejected the ideas of original sin and predestination, backing his\narguments from earlier Christian writings and the Scriptures.\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;d.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;His teaching were opposed by the western (Roman) church but\naccepted in the eastern (Orthodox) church.\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;e.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Southern France was a stronghold for his followers.<\/p>\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;B.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;From the 600&#8217;s there arose a sect called the Paulicians that spread widely through\nEurope.\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;1.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;They were given this name because of their use of the New Testament,\nespecially the letters of Paul, to defend their teachings. It was given to\nthem by their detractors. They called themselves Christians.\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;2.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;They stated that they were Christians, chosen of God and called each other\nbrother and sister.\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;3.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;They rejected infant baptism, which was made compulsory in A.D. 407 by\nPope Innocent I. \n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;a.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#8220;In the beginning of Christianity there was no baptizing of\nchildren: and their forefathers practiced no such thing and we do\nfrom our hearts acknowledge that baptism is a washing which is\nperformed in water, and doth hold out the washing of the soul from\nsin&#8221; [Mehrning, <i>Der Heiligen Tauff Historie<\/i>, II. p. 738]\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;b.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;They taught that faith and repentance was required before baptism.\nTheir baptism, by the way, was by immersion.\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;c.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; &#8220;Their system was, like that of the European Cathars, in its basal\nidea and conception alien to persecution; for membership in it\ndepended upon baptism, voluntarily sought for, even with tears and\nsupplications, by the faithful and penitent adult.&#8221; [Conyeare, <i>The\nKey of Truth<\/i>]\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;4.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;They also rejected the Old Testament as law.<\/p>\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;5.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;They did not consider people of &#8220;other communions&#8221; to be Christians.<\/p>\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;6.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#8220;They had no orders in the clergy as distinguished from laymen by their\nmodes of living, their dress, or other things; they had no councils or\nsimilar institutions. Their teachers were of equal rank. They strove\ndiligently for the simplicity of the apostolic life. They opposed all image\nworship which was practiced in the Roman Catholic Church. The\nmiraculous relics were a heap of bones and ashes, destitute of life and of\nvirtue. They held to the orthodox view of the Trinity; and to the human\nnature and substantial sufferings of the Son of God.&#8221; [<i>The Paulician and\nBogomil Churches<\/i>,\nhttp:\/\/www.pbministries.org\/History\/John%20T.%20Christian\/vol1\/history_04.htm]\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;C.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;A.D. 1000 to 1200<\/p>\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;1.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Followers of a teacher named Gundulphus was examined by the Roman\nCatholic church in A.D. 1025 for opposing the practice of infant baptism.\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;a.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Of Catholic baptism, it was argued, &#8220;But if any say that some\nsacrament lies hid in baptism, the force of it is taken off by three\ncauses. First. Because the reprobate life of ministers can afford no\nsaving remedy to the persons baptized. Secondly. Because\nwhatever sins are renounced at the font, are afterwards taken up\nagain in life and practice. Thirdly. Because a strange will, a strange\nfaith, and strange confession, do not seem to belong to a little\nchild, who neither wills nor runs, who knoweth nothing of faith,\nand is altogether ignorant of his own good and salvation, in whom\nthere can be no desire of regeneration, and from whom no\nconfession of faith can be expected&#8221;\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;b.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Regarding why the Eucharist was wrong, &#8220;The one is, That the\nbody of Jesus Christ is in heaven since his ascension. The other,\nThat the bodily eating of the body of Jesus Christ cannot profit,\nbecause Jesus Christ himself hath declared in the sixth of St. John,\nthat the flesh profiteth nothing. The third is, That the body of Jesus\nChrist would no longer continue to be one entire body, being\ndivided through so many places, and found in so many churches.&#8221;\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;c.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Regarding consecrated buildings: &#8220;it appears, that they believed\nnothing of these sanctifications, which were attributed to sacred\nedifices and altars; but pretended that the prayers they made in the\nhouses were no less agreeable to God, than if they had been made\nin the churches. The reason of this shyness they expressed to\nchurches is evident, from their reproaching the idolatry that was\npracticed in them in point of images and other matters.&#8221;\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;d.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#8220;About the altar, to which they refused to bow, or show any\nreverence, as the practice was then, after it was consecrated with\nholy oil; which is an evident sign that the thing they struck at was\nthese consecrations, which they accused as superstitious&#8221;\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;e.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Regarding images, &#8220;refusing to reverence the cross, maintaining\nthat it had no virtue at all, as being only a work of men&#8217;s hands.&#8221; &#8230;\nconcerning &#8220;the image of our Savior on the cross, that of the\nblessed Virgin, and those of the saints and angels, etc. which they\nrefused to worship.&#8221;\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;f.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;[Quoted from:\nhttp:\/\/www.giveshare.org\/churchhistory\/allix\/piedmont-11.html]\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;g.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Regarding purgatory, &#8220;he accuses them of asserting, that penance\nwas of no use after death&#8221;\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;2.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Berengarius of Tours (A.D. 999 &#8211; 1088)<\/p>\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;a.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;While an archdeacon and treasurer of Angers Cathedral, he wrote\nin A.D. 1047 a treaty against the Eucharist in which he denied the\nmaterial change of the elements.\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;b.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;He was excommunicated in 1050, but under pressure yielded to\nRome in 1059 and 1079, subscribing to the doctrines he\nrepudiated.\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;c.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;A witness against Berengarius complained that Berengarius\nrejected infant baptism and advocated using the Bible as their only\nauthority; thus rejecting Roman Catholic traditions. [Deodwinus,\nBishop of Liege, writing to Henry I King of France in 1035]\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;d.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;The same charges were repeated by Guitmund von Aversa in 1080,\nsaying that the teachings of Berengarius and Gundulphus had\nspread throughout France, Germany, Italy, and England, infecting\nboth the nobility and gentry.\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;3.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Pierre de Bruis or Peter of Bruys in the early A.D. 1100s<\/p>\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;a.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Was a street preacher. His followers were called Petrobusians,\nthough they called themselves Christians.\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;b.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;He opposed infant baptism, the mass, church buildings and altars\n(arguing any place was suitable for worship), prayers for the dead,\nveneration of the cross, celibacy, and transubstantiation.\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;c.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;His followers appealed for a return to the Scriptures.<\/p>\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;d.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;He is quoted as saying, &#8220;But we await a time suitable to faith, and\nbaptize a man, after he is ready to recognize God and to believe in\nHim, we do not, as you charge us, rebaptize him, because the man\nwho has not been washed with the baptism by which sins are\nwashed away ought never to be called baptized.&#8221;\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;e.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;He was burned by a mob in 1130, believed to be incited by\nofficials of the Roman Catholic church.\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;4.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;In 1118 Gregory Grimm of Ensisheim, France died after being tortured,\nbecause he had been baptized by his grandfather who in turn had been\nbaptized (by immersion for the remission of sins) by a traveling merchant\nfrom Venetia who was from the &#8220;only church of the saints.&#8221; [Keith\nSisman, &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/springstreetchurch.org\/resources\/articles\/2013\/01\/08\/what-medieval-christians-taught\">What Medieval Christians Taught<\/a>,&#8221; 08 January 2013]\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;5.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;In 1143 a congregation of over one hundred Christians were seized in the\nlower Rheine. Under torture they confessed that similar congregations\nwere everywhere, but in hiding. Because there was no organized hierarchy,\neach congregation having their own bishops and deacons, the authorities\nhad difficulty locating the congregations.\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;6.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Henry of Toulouse was, around A.D. 1146, preaching round Europe and\nEngland.\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;a.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Everinus wrote to Bernard in 1146 complaining of a sect who had\nrejected infant baptism in favor of believers baptism, they formed a\nchurch of Christ separate from the Catholic church. Their elders\noffered to debate their beliefs in light of the Scriptures with the\nCatholic Church, but instead they were burned at the stake and the\ncongregation destroyed.\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;b.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Bernard, a Cistercian monk, complained in a 1147 letter, &#8220;The\nchurches are without people, the people without priests, the priests\nwithout honor, and Christians without Christ. The churches are no\nlonger conceived holy, nor the sacraments sacred, nor are the\nfestivals anymore celebrated. Men die in their sins, souls are\nhurried away to the terrible tribunal, without penitence or\ncommunion, baptism is refused to infants, who thus are precluded\nfrom salvation.&#8221;\n<p>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;c.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Henry was executed around A.D. 1150 [http:\/\/www.traces-of-the-kingdom.org]<\/p>\nV.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;None of these examples, in and of themselves, prove that the church as defined in the\nNew Testament continued to exist.\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;A.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;The teachings given are just samples and there are others which are contrary to the\nScriptures.\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;B.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;However, it does show that Catholicism was not universally accepted and that\nthey continued to have problems with true biblical doctrine popping up all over\nEurope.\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;C.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;The reason it wasn&#8217;t easily or successfully suppressed is the simple fact that what\ndefines the true church of Christ is not an organization, but the adherence to the\nidea that the Bible alone defines the church.\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;1.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;People with access to the Bible frequently returned to its original\nteachings, which is why so many of these groups scattered around Europe\nhad similar doctrine.\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;2.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Reading scholars, you can see their confusion as they try to map out who\nwas a follower of whom. But the answer that is staring them in the face is\nthat they were all trying to return to following Christ alone and thus\nshowed unity in their teachings because of the single source.\n&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;D.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;You see, the churches of Christ won&#8217;t die out so long as there are people reading\ntheir Bibles and willing to follow its teachings.\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/origins-of-denominations\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOrigins of Denominations\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>by Jeffrey W. Hamilton Download Audio Text: I Timothy 4:1-3 &#160; I.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;When we study the history of the church since its beginnings, we tend to follow the paths of the major divisions. &#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;A.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Thus we see the rise of Catholicism as innovation after innovation is accepted, the splits over those innovations which led to the Orthodox&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[119,32],"tags":[726,279],"class_list":["post-30365","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-audio","category-sermon","tag-church-history","tag-history"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":30327,"url":"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/origins-of-denominations\/","url_meta":{"origin":30365,"position":0},"title":"Origins of Denominations","author":"Jeffrey Hamilton","date":"January 12, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"by Jeffrey W. Hamilton Over the years, I've done lessons that look at various issues that caused the rise of the various denominations that we see today. Rather than leaving them scattered, I'm gathering them up on a single page so that they will be more easily found. Where Did\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Audio&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Audio","link":"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/category\/audio\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":59745,"url":"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/sola-scriptura-or-sola-papa\/","url_meta":{"origin":30365,"position":1},"title":"Sola Scriptura or Sola Papa?","author":"Jeffrey Hamilton","date":"March 7, 2008","format":false,"excerpt":"by Chuck Durham via\u00a0Biblical Insights, Vol. 7, No. 9, Sept. 2007. Pope Benedict XVI released a Vatican document on July 10, 2007, that reasserted the primacy of the Roman Catholic Church as providing the only true path to salvation. The document claims that the Roman Catholic Church is the only\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Audio&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Audio","link":"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/category\/audio\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":17980,"url":"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/the-church-in-1492\/","url_meta":{"origin":30365,"position":2},"title":"The Church in 1492","author":"Jeffrey Hamilton","date":"January 7, 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"by Kent Heaton The world of 1492 was very small. Men knew very little about the earth as we know it today. Christopher Columbus sailed this important year with a crew of 87 to discover a new world. His adventure literally changed the face of the world and man came\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Answer&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Answer","link":"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/category\/answer\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/01\/Columbus.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":30360,"url":"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/the-split-of-the-catholic-churches\/","url_meta":{"origin":30365,"position":3},"title":"The Split of the Catholic Churches","author":"Jeffrey Hamilton","date":"April 23, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"by Jeffrey W. Hamilton Download Audio Text: Matthew 23:1-12 I.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Very shortly after the first century, one elder in the church became the chief elder and took on the title of bishop to distinguish himself from the other elders. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0A.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Even though elder and bishop refers to the same duty - Titus\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Audio&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Audio","link":"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/category\/audio\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":4650,"url":"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/pre-campbell-christianity\/","url_meta":{"origin":30365,"position":4},"title":"Pre-Campbell Christianity","author":"Jeffrey Hamilton","date":"May 23, 2005","format":false,"excerpt":"by Ken Chumbley via\u00a0Gospel Gazette, Vol. 2, No. 8, p. 18, August 2000 The following is an excerpt from an article by Carroll Sites that has been found in a number of bulletins over the last few years: Many people identify churches of Christ as owing their roots to Alexander\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Article&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Article","link":"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/category\/article\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":38582,"url":"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/the-church-of-christ-in-1771\/","url_meta":{"origin":30365,"position":5},"title":"The Church of Christ in 1771","author":"Jeffrey Hamilton","date":"October 12, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"by Jeffrey W. Hamilton In a book titled, \"A History of the Rise and Progress of the Baptists in Virginia\" by Robert Baylor Semple, published in 1810 is a copy of this journal entry: \"Wednesday Morning -- Met and proceeded as follows: The church of Christ on Black Water, in\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Article&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Article","link":"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/category\/article\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30365","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30365"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30365\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30365"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30365"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lavistachurchofchrist.org\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30365"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}