The books in the New Testament were written by apostles and by prophets closely associated with the apostles. Apostles did not exist prior to Jesus because the apostles were eye witnesses of Jesus (I John 1:1-4). The writers in the Old Testament were prophets.
The mistake you are making is that if a book appears claiming to have been written by an ancient prophet, then you think it must appear in the Bible. The reason the Book of Enoch (of which there are several versions) is not in the Bible is because it is known to be a fraud. See: Why don't you use the Book of Enoch? for details.
The second mistake you make is assume all books mentioned in the Bible are inspired writings. The only thing stated about the book of Jasher is that it contained copies of a few things which also appear in the inspired Scriptures. See What is the Book of Jashar? for details. And yes, you are mistaken about the references to the Book of Jasher.

